Types of Management Information Systems

Merck’s research Essays

Merck’s research Essays Merck’s research Essay Merck’s research Essay Merck’s research and development of its Crixivan is considered a breakthrough in the treatment of HIV positive patients. Merck and Co. Inc. although behind by quite a significant time frame with Abbot and Roche in terms of marketing its product, has been well applauded for having been able to develop a proven more efficient counterpart. The product’s unexpected fast FDA approval should have been of great benefit to Merck since it can already make Crixivan available in the market far earlier than they have expected. However the early approval of the product for market distribution posed a huge problem to the company because of the fact that they actually did run out of time in preparing the additional manufacturing plant needed to produce the product. The situation therefore is that since the product has been published as a breakthrough in the market of HIV treatment drugs, the public had expected its availability in the market the soonest possibl e. In short, there has been the demand that Merck cannot possibly supply since it lacked enough manufacturing facilities enough to satisfy such demand.Merck actually has the edge in some aspects. First, Crixivan has been proven, as had been approved by FDA, to be more effective in treating HIV patients over its competitors Abbot (Invirase) and Roche (Norvir) indicating a 44% efficiency in its clinical trials (p.81). Moreover its 86% efficiency rate in combination with AZT and 3TC is undoubtedly an edge besides the fact that it was proven more potent than Invirase and with lesser side effects compared to Norvir (p.82). Second is that its pricing strategy is far cheaper than the competitors. As described, Crixivan is 24% cheaper than Invirase and 33% less than Norvir (p.85). Third is that Crixivan has an assured market since HIV patients in 1996 already rose to 3.1 million aside from the potential users-those 22.6 million people HIV patients are living with and a considerably high rat e of children who are also HIV positive (p.82).What was just being sad about it is that Merck was not able to draft a sound forecast of its manufacturing facilities and the time required to prepare them. Sound forecast should not only include the possible demand for the product but should also include the sound logistics skills in forecasting whether such demand could possibly be supplied with the available stocks. For Merck, it has the demand but unfortunately, it does not have the supply enough to satisfy it. What went wrong was the tight time frame provided or budgeted by Merck in producing Crixivan. Initially this aspect could be justified since the product was approved six months earlier than expected which means that they really would be expected to be behind about the same time span. Besides, Merck had already taken the risk of expanding its manufacturing plant to accommodate the production of Crixivan two months before the Phase III approval of its clinical trial (p.81).An o bjective analysis of Merck’s efforts to produce Crixivan would lead one to conclude that it has done its part on matters of product quality. Primarily Merck chose to produce the product on its own manufacturing plant and discarded the idea of outsourcing. It actually did a sound decision on that part since it already had previous bad experience of product quality in its previously outsourced products. Another thing is that it did not take rush procedures in the manufacturing or Crixivan but instead carefully stick to the standard 15 steps procedure.I can see that the problem therefore is on its inability to make additional investments in human resources and materials in order to finish the expansion of the manufacturing plant as soon as possible. At least there was not mention of this facts in the cases mentioned. If it cannot rush steps on producing the Crixivan, it can rush on finishing the plant itself. Should it take Merck to invest a considerable amount for it, it should have taken the risk since it had already established market and in fact has demands coming in that it cannot already satisfy.Outsourcing can still be an option though. I believe that it is possible to make arrangements with the outsourced agent to make the product using their facilities but the supervision of the whole process would be done by Merck. This way, although more expensive on human resources to supervise the process in another plant, it could have been a great help for Merck in the sense that this can bridge the shortage in demand while its own manufacturing plant is still on construction.Relative to Merck’s humanitarian mission, I believe that Merck actually had been very considerate with its Support program and including the integration of the indigents in its services. It should have been actually rewarded by the government and those AIDS activists for its free counseling services for the uninsured patients and the free supply of Crixivan to the indigents and t he clinical trial participants. While it is true that pharmaceutical companies like Merck are gaining huge income compared with those in the other industries, I believe that Merck has done its social responsibilities well enough. Besides these services, Merck also ensured the public and FDA that it closely monitors the patients using the product as agreed to ensure that they would not be at risk of developing a resistant strain of HIV.In my opinion, Merck got short of choosing limited channels of distribution for Crixivan. While its purpose was to regulate the demand for the product and to ensure its proper application in the treatment process, it should have considered other channels besides Stadtlanders. One reason is that Stadtlanders has been charging too much, as the public sees it, on Crixivan. Even if this could be justified by the quality of services it provides with the clients, still Crixivan carries Merck’s name, not Stadtlanders.I believe that Merck has other opti ons besides Crixivan that could also offer almost the same quality of services. One option could have been a bidding of possible counterparts in order to lessen the cost of the services and the product itself. Thus Crixivan could be more affordable with more patients. Although legally, it has no control over the pricing of the product after being endorsed with distributors, Merck still has the choice of making exclusive agreement with its distributor as part of the pre-bidding agreement. Of course, those who would be willing to take Merck’s terms and conditions would bid. This would also provide Merck with the opportunity to lessen the cost of investment in human resources.One more thing Merck could have failed to use is the media. Since it is media that made Crixivan famous and in demand, it should have taken the opportunity to publish the necessary guidelines in administration of Crixivan so that the public would not be accusing them of neglect. Merck however justified this failure on grounds that FDA’s approval of the said literature was delayed. Still it would be helpful still to make bits of instructions even in print media to inform the public. It could have been an additional cost but it would be worthy of counteracting negative publicity on the Crixivan and Merck. Â  Such would have lessened its cost on human resources who are assigned to take care of the free services it offers via phone calls. Advertisements are one time investments while the salaries of the additional employees would continue until Merck would be finally through with its expansion project. Besides this, it has to pay for employee benefits.If am to handle the administrative aspect of the case, I would have to choose to limit the counseling services on uninsured patients. These services could already be transferred to the distribution channels like Stadtlanders or others that Merck have chosen. As had been mentioned earlier, the distribution process could have been done by bidding of service providers invited by Merck after consideration of their quality services offered. Besides it was mentioned in the case that Stadtlanders is having 37% mark-up on Crixivian with the justification of its counseling and monitoring services.Merck in general actually had done its social obligations by the services it provided with the general public. The low price of Crixivan, the integration of the indigents in the support program and the continuing monitoring services it provides are enough reasons for one to conclude that Merck lived on its mission statements. What went wrong was its failure to make accurate forecasts in the production of the product and its inability to consider other competent distribution channels. Merck also failed to make sound decisions on where to place its additional investment it was willing to make. To make this clear, Merck invested on human resources for monitoring and counseling services when this amount could have been more properl y appropriated in human resources in the construction of the plant expansion project. Its cost on human resources can also be strategically reduced if it had its counseling and monitoring services passed to distribution channels because the latter offer the same services.Merck has no control over the fast and unexpected approval of its product by the FDA but it can control other variables involved in marketing its product. I would insist that Merck should have taken into consideration the outsourcing idea with just an additional supervising team. This could have hastened its production and have lessened the damage it caused due to shortage of supply. There is great money waiting for Merck because of its advantage over its competitors. But the system in the healthcare industry has standards as with other industries. One’s failure to market the product in strategic channels would result to an edge by competitors regardless of price and quality. In the case of Merck, Crixivan an d its competitors are highly in demand because of the outbreak of AIDS. It was an opportunity Merck have seen but taken short of preparing for the right steps to get through the market.

A Silurian placoderm with osteichthyan Research Paper

A Silurian placoderm with osteichthyan - Research Paper Example In this regard, the Chondrichthyes are deficient of the huge cutaneous bones that typify the Osteichthyes. The Chondrichthyes are regarded as the cartilaginous fish while the Osteichthyes are regarded as the bony fish. The mutual opposition of these distinctions and the body structure of the last common ancestor of gnathostomes have continued to be a topic of consensus among scientists (Zhu et al, 2013). In this paper, Zhu and colleagues (2013) identify and delineate a three-multidimensional well-maintained placoderm fish from Silurian of China with combined features of a placoderm-like cutaneous skull roof, shoulder girdle and braincase with osteichthyan-like cutaneous bones of the mandibular and hyoid arches, and a palatoquadrate sharing obtained attributes with crown gnathostomes. This is a thing that had not been seen before. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the skull roof is level and sturdily curved horizontally. Most of the braincase of the fish was covered with rounded , central and nape plates, winged by corresponding postorbital, peripheral and frontal and subsequent paranuchal plates along the route of the arterial intraorbital and primary lateral line grooves. Additionally, the petite and thin proboscis constitutes a snout, a premedian and premaxillary those seem to be attached mesially. The Dermal cheek comprised the jugal, maxilla and a quadrajugal with a sensory channel pattern. The trunk armour comprised of attributes similar to those of the early arthrodires such as phlyctaeniid. On the other hand, the analysis revealed that the braincase was wide and flattened, replicating that of the ancient arthrodires (Zhu et al, 2013). This review was executed to identify the phylogenetic position of Entelognathus and the effect of its typescripts on gnathostome organic evolution. The evaluation was carried out using a modified version of the data. Entelognathus was placed with arthrodires, crown gnathostomes and ptyctodonts by the severe accord of 1 17 most frugal trees. The results of the analysis put several acanthodians under the gnathostome and osteichthyan stem clusters. The phonetic resemblances between the chondrichthyans and acanthodians were translated as symplesiomorphies. Zhu et al’s (2003) results portrayed that the resemblances represent synapomorphies of the chondrichthyan entire cluster. The classification of all acanthodians in the chondrichthyan stem cluster indicates that macronery in the preceding mutual ancestor of crown gnathostomes. The results of the analysis also indicated that Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes had macromeric cutaneous bones and offered a new theoretical account for reviewing crown gnathostome variance. Personal Response This paper clearly brings out a comparison of the four groups of the jawed vertebrate. It makes it clear to me, as a reader, by indicating that two of the groups are still in existent while two are extinct. Additionally, from my observation, similarities and differe nces between the groups are well articulated through diagrams through the article. The article explains each of the body structures and skeletons before comparing them. For instance, the article shows that Osteichthyans and Placoderms have macromeric cutaneous skeletons dominated by a huge body plates while Chondrichthyans and Acanthodians have micromeric cutaneous skeletons that primarily consist of scales. The article has brought me at

Human Resource Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Resource Management - Research Paper Example The benefits scheme, recruitment of individuals, motivation, communication, morale boosting, safety of the employees, and recruitment must all revolve around human resource management. In the words of Cornelius (2001), individuals have to be well managed, as well as the culture and environment in which they work. Through HRM, the employees are given an opportunity to be effective and productive in their lines of duty. Accomplishment of the organizational goals is only possible through direction and rules imposed on the employees through HRM. Proper implementation of HRM roles sees the success of the organization, and providing a sense of direction to the employees. Organizations are expected to not only to thrive with HRM, but also accomplish a lot (Swanson & Holton, 2001). This piece shall aim at highlighting various aspects of HRM- recruitment, training, management, compensation, training, selection, affirmative action amongst others, and how they impact on the organizational succe ss and performance. The essay shall also focus on the importance of having all these aspects coordinated and linked in an attempt to see to the success of the organizations. To a great extent, none of these aspects is more important than the other, since all contribute greatly to the ultimate organization’s success. ... Swanson & Holton (2001) indicate that in employee and labor relations, the administration and staff are able to continuously develop the staff by training them and having proper avenues towards solving the employee issues. Compliance with the laws of the organization and that of the state is possible through adherence of the policy of employee and labor relations. These relations are useful, according to Swanson & Holton (2001), for proper investigation of cases and issues that relate to the employees, for instance harassment, discrimination amongst others that are carefully scrutinized and assessed. Discipline among the employees is of high standards since the employers are able to closely monitor discipline of the employees, as well as coach and guide them on the need to uphold proper standards and adhere to the code of conduct of the organization. Employee and labor relations department is also helpful in coordinating and conducting collective bargaining processes for the employee s (Swanson & Holton, 2001). Implementation and interpretation of the employee contracts is well scrutinized by this department; thus, minimal grievances in the organization. Employees are also mobilized to act as a group, all in an endeavor to implement the organizational goals and objectives. In essence, the employee and labor relations department should always offer direction in all employee related issues, in the mission to execute goals and values of the concerned organization. Occupational  Safety and Health  (OSH) The right to safe and healthy working condition has to be exercised by all the employees, in an attempt to attain the organizational goals.

Okonkwo Essay Example for Free

Okonkwo Essay Some regard the arts as having an extra-artistic cognitive function, that they have a message about mans place in the world which might have social or political implications. For example, there might be a case for supposing that the arts have an important function as a medium for social criticism and transformation. In any case, there is a widespread belief that the arts have a higher purpose to educate by encouraging introspection and sometimes making us think about how we should live our lives. Two heads are better than one. Learning nd working in groups involves shared or learned values, resources, and ways of doing things. Group projects can reinforce skills that are relevant to both group and individual work, including the ability to: break task into parts, plan and manage time and gain communication skills. What strategies were used? Many of my classmates including myself would have preferred to work on this project individually, however every now and then more hands make for lighter work. When my partner and I got together to begin our project we had decided to split the project in half. Same an equal amount of work. I wouldnt say we used and specific strategies to begin the Mexican Revolution project. We did however follow the some of the guidelines of the design cycle to begin which included: plan, investigate, design and create. What knowledge was acquired? Because my partner had so much knowledge of the Mexican Revolution, she was able to help me clearly understand/clarify certain things that had occurred that I was uncertain of. Because we had to do some research on our own I gained more on the revolution, to the porfiriato era where porfito Diaz himself introduced railroads, to ow important the constitution was for the people. What skills were utilized and developed? Group projects can also help students develop skills to collaborative efforts, allowing students such as myself to: delegate roles and responsibilities, share perspectives, knowledge and skills, hold one another and be held accountable. (We were able to use pervious knowledge from class and what we have been taught to be able to complete the project. I was able to develop and gain more knowledge of the Mexican revolution because of my partners knowledge. ) What will be done ditterently in the tuture? A lot of things will be done differently in the future. Time management of course. We ended up doing it the same week it was due which caused some stress on each of us individually. Although we completed out project in time I would have liked to have started planning the week she told us Just to have had a head start and know what we were doing then actually doing it last minute and not really knowing what we were going to do. Even if we decided to split the work, I would have wanted to still worked together since it was a group project. But above all, it was a great experience working with another individual. 378

System Design Of The Waterfall Implementation Model Information Technology Essay

System Design Of The Waterfall Implementation Model Information Technology Essay The Waterfall model is a chronological software development process, where the progress in develop the software is flowing from upward to downward (like waterfall) through the stages of Requirements, Design, Implementation, Verification and Maintenance. The first waterfall model is published on article in 1970 by Winston W. Royce[1]. In Royces original waterfall model, the following stages are followed in order: The waterfall model implemented in this study is preceded with the requirement analysis. Here, the requirements of the new software will be identified. The literature review about the software or system that wants to design must be done. Even a small project of calculate the sum of numbers also need to be written with the output in mind. All requirements will be listing and presented to the team of programmers. The software and hardware will be analyzed include the deciding of computer language used to design the software. System Design This implementation is followed by the next stage in the waterfall model, which is the system design phase. In this section, the requirements that have been analyzed will be translated into detailed design and flowchart of the software code is being created. System design is the important stage that depending on the previous stage to make the great implementation and can be executed properly. When have anything requirements to be insert in designing the code, it will be add up in the requirement analysis phase and the design phase is carried out based on the new set of resources. System Construction (Coding) In the system construction phase, all the design will be converted into machine-readable coding. The coding of the software that wants to be developed and implemented is carried out based on the algorithm or flowchart designed before. Here, all of the ideas in developed the software of program to be designed is turn up. System Integration The various codes designed by different programmers will be integrated together so that, at the next stage of system testing will have no problem. System Testing The complete coding will follow by the testing department where it testing based on the functional and non-functional requirements. It checks if there is any problem in the designed software and if it follows the specifications. At this stage, testing activity will include the involvement of computer technician and client. Here, the good flow of the process in designing the software will ensure satisfaction from the client. If there is any problem with the design, it must be reverted back to the system design. Coding and testing are repeated again. System Installation For the last stage of the software development process, using waterfall model, a proper execution of all previous stages will ensure it is followed the requirements and more important to satisfied the client. The setup of final software which needs to be installed at the client system will be tested so that, the client does not face any problem while using the software. Here, the product is handed over to client. System Maintenance Some support regarding the software that has been developed must be provided to the client. If have any problem about the software or clients demand some further enhancements to the current software, so that, all of the process need to be started from the requirements analysis. Waterfall Model Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages Linear model are the most trouble-free to be implemented and easy to understand. Cannot go back if the design phase has any problem. The amount of resources required to implement this model is very minimal. Any change in implementation the software is a source of confusion. Documentation is produce at every phase of the waterfall model development. Small error that arises in the completed software will become a big problem. Testing is done in every main stage of software coding. Errors in the code only discovered when the testing phase is reached. Waste time and other important resources. Employs a organized, conventional method of project development and delivery. Client doesnt get a chance to see the software until the last stage of development cycle. Not suitable for project requirements that are dynamic or constantly changing Waterfall Model Vs Agile [3] Waterfall Model Agile Model History Waterfall model established as a method by Winston Royce in 1970. The idea of Waterfall model was generate from the hardware manufacture strategies and construction strategies that were produce in 1970s. Agile model were formally defined by Edmonds in 1974. The agile model of software development progress in 1990s when developers changed from traditional structured to flexible development styles. Conceptual Difference Waterfall model is the chronological process of software development. The model phases are state below: Requirements specification, conception, analysis, design, coding, testing and debugging, installation, and finally maintenance. The next stage of development can be do when the first stage are fully completed. After the design stage is finish, proceed to implement based on the coding stage without any alterations. Agile model focuses on agility and adaptability in development process. Involves multiple iterative that used to improve the output of process. The design can be changed even in the last minutes due to iterative implementation. Faster than waterfall model and deliver the working program. Efficiency Less efficiency than agile model due to its compliance to the real world. The last minute changing in requirements and design are more complicated. More efficient than waterfall model due to their iterative and compliant nature. Product can be produce in short time and integrated with changes. Suitability Waterfall model is appropriate for development of programs that are already stable and doesnt need a major alteration. Agile model is appropriate for web based application where the iterative nature helps in integrating and repairs the various bug that arise over time. Discussion and Conclusion Waterfall model (heavy method) works best when we can clearly define our requirements that consist of two; system requirements and software requirements. All the requirements must be documented so that it is easy to develop the software based on the requirements that have been listed. After the requirements are clearly define, it will eliminate the problem in the design and development phase while also enforcing discipline to our workers or designers and programmers. All workers will clear on the scheduling and customer expectation. Based on the comparison between waterfall method and agile method, we understand that, there is no win or lose situation because between those two methods, it has their respective advantages. For example, agile method is also the variation of the waterfall method where it is exist when developers decide to changed from traditional structured, segmented, bureaucratic approaches to more flexible development styles. Therefore, the agile method or light weight method is introduced in 1974. The method should be use in software development are depends on the project, team members, and the company environment that we work in. For example, the waterfall model is most suitable for development of programs that are already stable and do not need bigger alteration. It is also involved a large size of team and focuses on large project. Thats why it needs a bigger amount of cost to develop this project. Even this waterfall model known as the orthodox method, it still widely use because it is a linear model and simplest to implemented. Waterfall model still continues to remain as the one of the most commonly use methodologies even the new system that more flexible was exist, the widely uses of waterfall model is the reason why it is studied and adapted in various software management and development project. For a conclusion, the process of software development will be easier if we understand the waterfall model diagram. This method is not only simplest software process model for application development, but also known as the most popular model for its ease of implementation in the area of software development. ISO 12207:2008, SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE [4] Engineering: Software Life Cycle Processes Software life cycle processes is a structure corresponding to the processes, activities, and task used for gaining development and maintenance of software products. Specialization of the system life cycle processes is the software life cycle processes. In the context of organizational wish for is to define the standard processes that suitable to the company business where follow the processes from organizational rather than follow the ISO standard. Life cycle model is not include in the standard, however, life cycle processes will be mapped onto life cycle model that suitable to the project, and accepted by the organization. System Context Processes ISO 12207 is more specific because it is include the software specific information to provide more widely defined processes in ISO 15288. The name of processes in ISO 15288 also slightly changed in ISO 12207. This contribution is for satisfaction of the corresponding processes in ISO 15288 and provides more specialization to those processes. Software Implementation Processes Software Implementation is the software-specific specialization of the ISO 15288 standard. The life cycle model is select and development activities are mapped to that model. Standard and procedure are based on the requirements of project and implementation plans. Software implementation process is supported by six lower level processes: Software Requirement Analysis To develop the software requirement, the system requirement must be analyzed. The software requirements need to be reliable and visible with the system requirements. Software Architectural Design To translated the software requirements into a high-level design and allocated to software components. Software Detailed Design To develop the design of each software to a greater levels and then to be coded and tested. Software Construction Each software unit and database is coded and tested. Software Integration A documented plan for the integration of software unit is develop and executed. When software requirements are satisfied, it proceeds to qualification testing. Software Qualification Testing Demonstrate that the software product performs as specified.

Explore Different Types Of Essays And Examples

Exploring The Different Types Of Essays And Examples ~ our site Essay writing is going to help you create a stream of academic success. If you can do this, you will excel in nearly all major arenas of writing, and education. But that’s not just a matter of school. You’re going to find that you can explore different types of essays to ensure that you’re working through writing for industry and learning as well. If you can write an essay well, you can write just about anything, and may find yourself offering companies a lot more than other employees that they may be looking into hiring. This is a great option that you’ll no doubt want to explore, especially if you want to ensure that you’re able to gain the upper hand in the job market today. The following will help you explore the major types of essays that you should know about. This will help you understand the bigger picture of what’s going on with writing in academia and beyond.Narrative Style The first option that you’re going to want to consider is that of narrative essays. This is a solution that lets you tell a story from the perspective of first person view points. It’s something that you are going to help create elements that will help you create lavish stories and more. You can sometimes see this in literature, where documentation in journals and more are written. The book â€Å"Dracula† for instance, has this narrative style, and it looks like an essay in many chapters that collect to form the larger picture of the story. Narrative essays are usually personal, and can help put forward real-life experiences for others to read etc. You can create a conclusion at the end, or you can leave it open ended, depending on what the purpose of the essay assignment truly is.Descriptive Style The next thing that you will need to consider is simple, descriptive style. This is a solution that lets you be more descriptive in what you’re writing. You will be writing like you were creating a short story or a novel. You’ll use descriptions that are absolutely focused on deeper elements, and meaning that goes beyond just telling a story. This is a novelization and narrative style that is more descriptive than the first essay style. It’s an interesting push forward that will give you details about the subject matter on a lot of deeper elements. It will no doubt help you gain the upper hand in whatever it is you’re trying to discuss with people, as it works with transitional elements from first person to second and even third person if need be.Expository StyleThe third type of essay that you may be asked to create is that of a factual essay option. This is an academic solution that is going to help you create definitive narration through media and statistics. This can be sometimes boring to write, but it’s an important aspect to consider. It’s something that helps you create outstanding avenues of comparative and contrasting elements. You will write how to, cause and effect, and much more. This is not a matter of personal elements. You will not use â€Å"I† or â€Å"me†, or anything personal elements. This is structured in an academic form that uses facts, citations, data, and more. This is the same type of options that get published in serious publications, and even medical journals. This is meant for academia and not much else.Persuasive Style The fourth solution that you are going to want to learn about is that of persuasive essay styles. This is an option that is going to help you work towards convincing someone of what you’re discussing. This is a writer’s best friend because you can present an argument that will help you gain the upper hand. This is a solution that many teachers are going to ask you to work with. Writers have to create an initial topic and then give arguments for or against it. It’s an interesting solution that will no doubt give you focused work throughout. The writer creates multiple sides of the argument through the presentation of facts, citations, status, points of view, and much more. There’s so much involved with this, that you may find that these could be quite long at times.Academia Demands Different StylesThere’s a lot of students that don’t know how to pick the proper essay format for their education. Do not become one of those students. Instead, learn how to write different types of essays to help you with learning, and much more. You’ll find that you will be able to work through any type of essay style if you work with these essay types. The options listed above will help you gain the upper hand in major types of academic writing and more. Academia will always ask you to write essays. However, the most common are the ones we have covered above. The four above are going to help you with a lot of different elements that could help you get the information that is going to help you get a good grade. If you can work with the different styles above, you will not be surprised by what you will be asked to construct.What’s The Most Common Essay TypeHere’s the thing, the majority of scholastic options are not going to be focused on just â€Å"one† type of essay. We have covered the most common options, however, there maybe others. So, what’s the most common essay typesChances are you’re going to find that persuasive, and expository are the ones you will be asked to write most frequently. These are going to be the most common that you’ll have to turn into school past the college level. As you get closer to the masters and doctorate level, you’ll find that you’ll end up with a lot of writing. Now, there are times when the first two types of essay writing will be asked to be put together. For instance, you’ll find that if you’re going to apply to a college, so you’ll be working with with narrative essays. Descriptive essays will be more for creative circles, however. Either way, you should be familiar with these four major types of essays as you build towards academic glory. If you are worried that you need to survive the University, head over to our site and let our expert writers help you write a top class essay, on time and to the highest possible quality. We are often asked, can our site help me Write My Essay, the answer is of course. In addition, we provide free guidance to our clients on what to look for when you are choosing the best Essay Writing Company. You may also be interested in reading about:How to avoid Plagiarism in an EssayHow to avoid Plagiarism in a Dissertation

Dramatic Irony In J.B.Priestley’s Plays Essay

In this essay I am going to write about how J.B.Priestely used dramatic irony and entrances and exits to create dramatic tension. I will tell you what dramatic irony is and how it is used in the story ‘An Inspector Calls’. In addition how Priestley uses entrances and exits to create tension as well. The play is set in 1912 but actually written in 1945, which created more dramatic irony because the audience knew what had already happened in real life. Priestley uses stage directions to create tension in the play and suspense, this quote supports my point ‘we hear a sharp ring of the door bell. Birling stops to listen’. This creates tension because it show’s people thoughts and facial expressions are shown. The fact that it is staged in one room creates more tension and it also makes everything tight and tense. It is also really good that everyone comes and goes out at really tense points. Before the inspector arrives the family are celebrating the engagement of Shelia Birling to Gerald Croft. There is a happy and jolly mood in the house. Mr.Birling’s Speeches have a lot of irony in them. Dramatic Irony is when the audience know what is going on but the actors on stage don’t know. For example when Mr.Birling talks about the Titanic being unsinkable ‘New York in 5 days-and every luxury-and Unsinkable’ because Priestley wrote this in 1945 but set it in 1912 the audience already know that the titanic sunk’. When the door bell rang Mr. Birling stops to listen and then just carries on what he was talking about. The doorbell rings at a really calm moment not a lot has happened so far in the play. Birling has given some dramatic speeches talking about war and how it will never happen. The doorbell goes and the inspector doesn’t come straight in it takes a bit for him to come in; Priestley is creating more tension here by slowing things down. Priestley describes the Inspector; he builds the Inspector up and makes him sound really tough and hard to crack.

Vermont Trip Essays - 9, Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

Vermont Trip Essays - 9, Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers Vermont Trip VERMONT TRIP: On behalf of myself, and many other students, I would like to formally address the Drug and Alcohol problem that accompanied the 1999-2000 school year Vermont trip. Many times I have heard stories about the infamous Vermont Ski trip, and the many illegal things that have occurred consistently throughout the years. To the best of my knowledge this behavior was ignored, overlooked, and typical of this trip. So in believing that this kind of partying was habitual, I decided to participate along with several others who had attended past trips. At first I was hesitant in bringing anything, but after a couple of conversations with certain individuals, I was convinced that it would be all right to do so without any punishment being enforced. Thus brought me to obtaining the single bottle I was bringing for a friend ,and I to consume with others, along with the other alcoholic beverages brought on the trip by my peers. This brings us to the time of departure for Vermont, on Thursday March 17, 2000. At approximately 11:50 PM I arrived to load the bus. At a little after 12:00 AM we left the Holley High School for Vermont, without A BAG CHECK by any of the seven chaperones. After a ten hour drive we arrived at our destination, Stowe Ski Resort. At around 4:30 PM we loaded the bus to go to the Courtyard By Marriot, the hotel in which we would be staying at for the remainder of the trip. Following our arrival we were given the room assignments, we then unpacked our bags quickly, and my roommates and I hid the alcohol that we each brought under our beds. After that a majority of us students went to the pool, and jacuzzi for a swim before our expected 7:00 PM dinner time. Dinner lasted for about a half an hour, to forty-five minutes, and soon after I then again went to the pool with a couple of people for another swim. Around 8:30 PM I returned upstairs to a friends room, where I then received a phone call from one of my roommates asking me if I planned on returning to our room to drink. I answered hesitantly, but after a little debating I decided to go back to my room. At that moment I only returned ,to change out of my swim clothes, before I headed back to the friends room. While I was in my room changing I was asked by two of my roommates to compare their drinks, and decipher which was better. This then proves that the alcohol, both mine, and my roommates, had already been out and consumed long before I first returned. After that, I went to my friends room and we both then returned to my room at about 9:00pm. Upon arrival we had found six other people in my room already there for one purpose. I then proceeded to ask one of my roommates where the bottles were, he then replied in the liquor cabinet, sure enough there I found all the alcohol moved from under the beds where I last knew it to be, into the place where I was storing my clothes. At that moment I removed the bottle from the cabinet to pass around to my friends. First I had opened the bottle so that everyone could smell the Butter Scotch aroma. After passing it around to all eight people including myself., we then all took one baby sip from the bottle. A few moments after that most of the people in my room decided to go take a swim. Then three female students left to go change into their swimming attire, leaving my friend, three of my roommates, and myself in the room. At this point the bottle had been sealed for a couple of minutes. I was then listening to one of my roommates tell a story, while the other two changed. During this short period of time there was a knock on the door, and Mr. Orbaker who was the ski trip advisor, walked into the room to see me holding the bottle in my hands. After I got done listening to my roommates story I then noticed Mr. Orbaker standing in the hallway staring at me. He then motioned for me to walk over to him, as I did he signaled for the bottle, grabbed the liquor and proceeded to say way to be

Free Essays on Al Capone

Prohibition led to the bootlegging of liquor and the gang wars of the 1920’s. The most notorious gangster of all time, known as Al Capone, was the most powerful mob leader of his era and era's to come. He controlled organized crime in the Chicago area from 1925 until 1931. Capone grew up during the time of the roaring 20s in Chicago il. He joined the James Street gang, lead by Johnny Torrio. In 1920, Torrio asked Capone to move to Chicago and work with his uncle who controlled the city’s largest prostitution and gambling ring at the time. Capone loved that idea. Later that year the Prohibition act came into affect and Capone became interested in selling illegal whiskey and other alcohol beverages. Al Capone was America's best known gangster and greatest symbol of destruction of law and order in the United States during the Prohibition era because of his leading role in the illegal activities which gave Chicago its reputation as a lawless city.... Free Essays on Al Capone Free Essays on Al Capone Al Capone is America's best known gangster and the single greatest symbol of the collapse of law and order in the United States during the 1920s Prohibition era. Capone had a leading role in the illegal activities that lent Chicago its reputation as a lawless city. Capone was born on January 17, 1899, in Brooklyn, New York. Baptized "Alphonsus Capone," he grew up in a rough neighborhood and was a member of two "kid gangs," the Brooklyn Rippers and the Forty Thieves Juniors. Although he was bright, Capone quit school in the sixth grade at age fourteen. Between scams he was a clerk in a candy store, a pinboy in a bowling alley, and a cutter in a book bindery. He became part of the notorious Five Points gang in Manhattan and worked in gangster Frankie Yale's Brooklyn dive, the Harvard Inn, as a bouncer and bartender. While working at the Inn, Capone received his infamous facial scars and the resulting nickname "Scarface" when he insulted a patron and was attacked by her brother. In 1918, Capone met an Irish girl named Mary "Mae" Coughlin at a dance. On December 4, 1918, Mae gave birth to their son, Albert "Sonny" Francis. Capone and Mae married that year on December 30. Capone's first arrest was on a disorderly conduct charge while he was working for Yale. He also murdered two men while in New York, early testimony to his willingness to kill. In accordance with gangland etiquette, no one admitted to hearing or seeing a thing so Capone was never tried for the murders. After Capone hospitalized a rival gang member, Yale sent him to Chicago to wait until things cooled off. Capone arrived in Chicago in 1919 and moved his family into a house at 7244 South Prairie Avenue. Capone went to work for Yale's old mentor, John Torrio. Torrio saw Capone's potential, his combination of physical strength and intelligence, and encouraged his prot g . Soon Capone was helping Torrio manage his bootlegging business. By mid-1922 Capone ra... Free Essays on Al Capone Al Capone Al Capone was possibly the largest and most feared mofia boss America has ever seen. This 1920’s gangster made his mark on the world through organized crime during the Prohibition era. He is solely attributed with Chicago’s reputation as a lawless city. Alphonsus Capone was born on January 17, 1899 in Brooklyn, New York. As a child he was a member of the Brooklyn Rippers and the Forty Thieves Juniors â€Å"kid gangs.† Capone quit school at age fourteen in the sixth grade. He worked a few odd jobs in Manhattan in a bowling alley and a candy store. Then Capone took a position as a bouncer in Frankie Yale’s Brooklyn dive and the Harvard Inn. While working at the Inn he was attacked by a man and received the facial scars that would give him the byname â€Å"Scarface.† Capone met Anne â€Å"Mae† Coughlin at a dance in 1918. Later that year on December 4, 1918 she gave birth to their son, Albert â€Å"Sonny† Francis. Less than a month later they were married. Capone became a member of the Five Points gang in Manhattan. During this time he hospitalized a rival gang member in a fight. Feeling the heat from the conflicting group, he moved his family to Chicago. He began to work for John Torrio, an old partner and mentor of Yale. Capone was soon helping to manage Torrio’s bootlegging business. He quickly gained the respect of Torrio and became his number two man. After being shot by an opposing gang member, Torrio left Chicago. Capone became boss of the â€Å"outfit.† Torrio’s men respected Capone and trusted his business decisions. They referred to Capone as â€Å"the big man.† In the next five years he expanded his industry of crime. Capone controlled speakeasies, nightclubs, brothels, gambling houses, and much more. His bootlegging provided the city of Chicago with alcohol during prohibition. Capone had a reported income of $100,000,000 a year. Capone had an intricate spy network throughout ... Free Essays on Al Capone Organized crime was not so organized up until the 1920s. When the 1920s arrived, the American lifestyle changed dramatically. People started investing money in home appliances and automobiles, women’s skirts became higher and drinking became very popular. Also, organized crime came to a rise in the 1920’s. And in the high ranks of organized crime was Al Capone. Al Capone ran many illegal businesses including bootlegging, gambling, prostitution, and murders. There were many gangs in the world of organized crime and Al Capone’s was at the top. Al Capone was the most infamous gangster in the 1920’s. Being a big time gangster was big business. Money was made fast and very easily. Bootlegging alcohol was by far the most profitable in the 1920’s, this was because of the prohibition. Gambling was another business that paid off. Gambling stations were set up all over cities. Prostitution and Murders were also crimes that made gangsters money. Alphonse Capone was the biggest force in organized crime. He started his career of crime in Boston, as an apprentice to Johnny Torrio. That is where he earned the unforgettable nickname â€Å"Scarface.† It was in a bar when Capone made some rude comments about a woman. Minutes later, the woman’s brother sliced Capone in the face. D. VanGorder 2 This man was a friend of Charles â€Å"Lucky† Luciano. Al Capone was punished and forced to apologize. Al Capone did not become a leader until he went to Chicago. At the time he was still an apprentice to Johnny Torrio. In the midst of the gang violence and bootlegging was Chicago. Chicago was a great place to start a ring of organized crime. The government was very weak which made it easier to do crime. Capone entered the city of Chicago in 1920. At the time, â€Å"Big Jim† Colosimo ran things. He made about 50,000 dollars a month. Torrio and Capone started their business with four gambling joints/whore houses in Chicago. These underground plac... Free Essays on Al Capone The name Capone itself sends mixed emotion through the mind of the average American but is a name unknown to very few. Some might smile at the thought of the man that ran Chicago with the FBI nipping at his heels like poodles and booming like a robber baron on illegal enterprise while others may shudder at the thought of the death and pain caused at the snap of fingers by the tyrant they called â€Å"Scarface†. Much is known and even more is speculated about the lavish life of a consummate professional in the business of bootlegging, brothels, gambling and numbers or the all out turmoil known as Chicago night life but stratospheres of space are left for speculation as proven by Frank Wilson and Elliot Ness. Capone started his life as a promising B student from a caring family but slowly took a grizzly metamorphosis into a hardened villain, hustler, and murderer in a city that honored and celebrated a gangster funeral like a Macy’s Day Parade. The following chronicles t he life of the most notable gangster in modern day history through his attempts at moral and honest living and his lapses into criminal activity that even he preferred to avoid and then writes him off into sweet, syphilis-ridden dreams. Alphonse Capone was the first son born and conceived on American soil of Gabriele and Teresina Capone, also incorrectly thought to have been known by the surname Caponi (Bardsley-1). Gabriele came to America with full understanding of literacy and bookkeeping after having run a barbershop in Italy, which aided him in his attempts at successful and, most of important of all, honest business in the â€Å"New World†. Laurence Bergreen describes the family saying, â€Å"Nothing about the Capone family was inherently disturbed, violent, or dishonest. The children and the parents were close; there was no apparent mental disability, no traumatic event that sent the boys hurtling into a life of crime.†(Bergreen-2). The family began their stru... Free Essays on Al Capone The name Capone sends mixed emotion through the mind of the average American but is a name unknown to very few. Some might smile at the thought of the man ran Chicago with the FBI nipping at his heels and booming like a robber baron in illegal enterprise while others may shudder at the thought of the death and pain caused at the snap of fingers by the tyrant they called â€Å"Scarface†. Much is known and even more is speculated about the lavish life of a consummate professional in the business of bootlegging, brothels, gambling and numbers or the all out turmoil known as Chicago night life. The clandestine activities of Capone leave stratospheres of space left for speculation as proven by Frank Wilson and Elliot Ness. Capone started his life as a promising B student from a caring family but slowly went through a grizzly metamorphosis into a hardened villain, hustler, and murderer in a city that honored and celebrated a gangster funeral like a Macy’s Day Parade. The fol lowing chronicles the life of the most notable gangster in modern day history through his attempts at a moral and honest living and his lapses into criminal activity and then writes him off into sweet, syphilis-ridden dreams. Alphonse Capone was the first son born and conceived on American soil of Gabriele and Teresina Capone, also incorrectly thought to have been known by the surname Caponi (Bardsley,1998). Gabriele came to America literate and as a bookkeeper after having run a barbershop in Italy. This aided him in his attempts at running a successful and, most of important of all, honest business in the â€Å"New World†. Laurence Bergreen describes the family saying, â€Å"Nothing about the Capone family was inherently disturbed, violent, or dishonest. The children and the parents were close; there was no apparent mental disability, no traumatic event that sent the boys hurtling into a life of crime†(cited in Bardsley,1998). The family began their struggle to adv... Free Essays on Al Capone Prohibition led to the bootlegging of liquor and the gang wars of the 1920’s. The most notorious gangster of all time, known as Al Capone, was the most powerful mob leader of his era and era's to come. He controlled organized crime in the Chicago area from 1925 until 1931. Capone grew up during the time of the roaring 20s in Chicago il. He joined the James Street gang, lead by Johnny Torrio. In 1920, Torrio asked Capone to move to Chicago and work with his uncle who controlled the city’s largest prostitution and gambling ring at the time. Capone loved that idea. Later that year the Prohibition act came into affect and Capone became interested in selling illegal whiskey and other alcohol beverages. Al Capone was America's best known gangster and greatest symbol of destruction of law and order in the United States during the Prohibition era because of his leading role in the illegal activities which gave Chicago its reputation as a lawless city....

PepsiCo in 2007 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

PepsiCo in 2007 - Case Study Example Natural resources essentially drop out of the competitive equation. Being born rich becomes much less an advantage than it used to be. Technology gets turned upside down. New product technologies become secondary; new process technologies become primary. PepsoCo obtains better terms from distributors and suppliers and promotes their products and services to consumers better than foreign firms because of common cultural heritage, ties, and language should be used for their greatest advantage. The main strength is new product development and product reformulation. Customers accept, reject, or alter propositions, perhaps through on-the-spot negotiations. Also, PepsiCo establishes close relations with distributors and follows aggressive acquisition strategy. The company relies on innovations and Product One strategy and strong leadership (Thompson et al 2008). For PepsiCo, Power One strategy is both a component and a determinant of the marketing mix. The company considers the life-style factors influencing product development. Urbanization, leisure, competition, discretionary income, travel, styles, tastes, automobiles, informality, and convenience have led to the emphasis on product form, readiness, packaging, combination, and selectio n convenience. For PepsiCo, product development refers to the conversion of ideas into successfully marketed products. It combines technical and marketing competence, and is concerned with strategies of programmed introduction of new products to markets as replacements for decaying ones. Since it carries out an important mission directed at corporate growth and advancement, product development should report to top management (Thompson et al 2008). Strong leadership and positive corporate culture support development and strategic growth of the company. Opportunities In implementing the product mix concept, companies are shifting away from being producing units, with set production capacities that merely broaden their line by adding similar items. They are becoming units that assess market opportunities against such criteria as rate of return on investment, and that change their facilities when the opportunities warrant it. This orientation demands a change from product rigidity to product flexibility. International expansion proposes great opportunities for PepsiCo (Thompson et al 2008). The idea is to establish effective management in multi-brand companies by developing a series of profit centers in which product executives assume responsibility for the total marketing effort for a line. This approach grows out of the inability of one executive to master the intricacies and details of marketing several dozens or hundreds of products. Product managers develop product ideas, nurture their brands, compete effectively within and outside the company , prepare budgets, work with marketing-research and advertising agencies, influence salesmen, wholesalers, and retailers, and generate sales, profits, and larger market shares. They understand and represent markets, customers, and consumers. "PepsiCo management believed international markets offered the company's greatest opportunity for growth since per capita consumption of snacks in the United States averaged 13.9 servings per month" (Gambler 2008). Weaknesses Both PepsiCo and distribution-channel members are faced with the problem of deciding the best combination

An address to the Loyal Citizens and Congress of the United States of Essay

An address to the Loyal Citizens and Congress of the United States of America adopted by a convention of Negroes held in Alexand - Essay Example An address to the Loyal Citizens and Congress of the United States of America adopted by a convention of Negroes held in Alexandria, Virginia, from August 2 to 5, 1865 This document was written by the African Americans who were once slaves and who had survived the chaos of the American Civil War. These Americans are from a slave state. The first thing once is see is how well the document was written. It is written in formal English and appears to be something which a lawyer would write. One would have to say the document reflects the high education level that some African Americans had gained in spite of the hostile atmosphere of racism that surrounded them. This address underlined the participation and sacrifice of African Americans in the Civil War. It notes that there were 200,000 black soldiers participating. Their undying devotion to the Northern Union cause was confirmed, the address says, by the exclamations that escaped Northern prisoners shouted, whenever they saw a black fa ce. History tells us that after the Civil War a repressive period toward African Americans followed during the Reconstruction Era. The South had been defeated, but that later came back and re-installed their repressive and brutal control over black people, expressing their racism in every way and manner they could. What is interesting about this document is that the newly freed blacks saw that this was going to happen. They express to the Congress of the United States that the loyalty the former residents speak of was only "lip deep"! This expression is unique for us, showing how words and their uses have evolved. Today we no longer use that expression and one would guess it would be called archaic at present. But the expression is full of knowledgeable insight. One must look at the quoting of numbers. The people who wrote the document were fully aware of the strength of the south, of how many of the rebels had been paroled or given amnesty. With such insight, their claim that there will be "unfriendly legislation" - which they quoted to make the term sand out, and setbacks in what the North had accomplished for black people, stands clear and well spoken of. The purpose of the document draws clear. The African Americans were asking for the right to vote before the southern voters re-kindled and passed racist laws. (Congress would later pass the 15th Amendment in 1869 given African American males the right to vote. It would be ratified in 1870). They provided several arguments. One argument was that they will be able to distinguish between a traitor and a loyal man. They pointed to how 12,000 black voters helped Governor Seymour return to his position in New York, along with another politician. This argument, then, addressed the political needs of the Democratic party at that time. But more important was that the African American contingent pointed out that with possession of the ballot, they would be able to protect themselves. Another interesting archaic word phrase came up. They were looking for an equal chance to protect themselves against the "white traitors varnished and japanned," they say, made again citizens with the oath of amnesty. The African Americans assume that the northern whites had faith with them and hence could not deny them the vote. But was this true? Did whites have faith in the blacks? What is very interesting is that this appeal also shows the atmosphere of mistrust that seem to float around all involved parties. It was no cakewalk, after the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln had made the move of emancipation after the War had started and late into it, 1863. Even his move reflected the hesitant nature of American politics. Lincoln probably knew that attitudes had to be given time to change and that at the time he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, that it was the best time to do over a weak South. But the Appeal shows how the black people knew that the Southerners were still not ready. They had still not changed their minds and were still racist. In the paragraph before last, the African Ameri